Av
Amerikanska forskare vid J. Craig Venter Institute, Kalifornien och Maryland, har lyckats skapa en cell av syntetiska komponenter som har förutbestämda egenskaper och kan genomföra en celldelning. Den konstgjorda cellen har en mängd användningsområden, bland annat till teknologi för att tillverka läkemedel, rena vatten och utvinna energi, enligt forskarna.
-Det här är ett genombrott för forskningen. Får de full kontroll på celldelningen så öppnas hela fältet, säger Jan-Olov Höög, professor i medicinsk kemi vid Karolinska Institutet.
Cellen började som ett set med fyra flaskor med kemikalier och en genetisk kod framställd i en dator. Sedan sattes över en miljon dna-komponenter, nukleotider, ihop till baspar i en bestämd ordning. Basparen bildade en molekyl som fördes in i en mottagarcell. I cellen transformerades molekylen och utvecklades till en helt ny celltyp. Cellen är som en primitiv bakterie och saknar idag cellmembran.
– Nästa utmaning blir att skapa ett cellmembran. För att få till det behöver man sätta igång de gener som skapar komponenter till cellmembranet, så det är inte helt omöjligt, säger Jan-Olov Höög.
Den konstgjorda cellen har väckt etiska frågor där kritiker menar att forskarna leker Gud. Den amerikanska presidenten Barack Obama har startat en etikkommitté för att utreda de etiska, medicinska och ekonomiska effekterna.
-I förlängningen väcker det här också frågan var gränsen går mellan konstgjort och naturligt, säger Jan-Olov Höög.
Resultatet publicerades i Science.
IDG.se
måndag 21 maj 2012
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