Hur fungerar nåltekniken?
- När en läkare gör en finnålsbiopsi förs nålen in till tumören och förs sedan fram och åter lite som en symaskin. På så vis tas prover från flera platser i tumören, inom ett område som är runt och i storleksordningen en kubikcentimeter stort, som efter biopsin innehåller en del blod och sönderhackad tumör. Vår nål är kopplad till en dator som styr radiofrekventa energipulser efter rörelsen, och värmer upp små områden av vävnad likt en mikrovågsugn. Små områden kring nålspetsen värms ytterst kortvarigt upp till cirka 120 grader, och då tumörceller och annat organiskt material snabbt dör redan från cirka 60 grader kan vi döda de tumörceller som annars kanske skulle kunna läcka ut i blodomloppet. Eftersom det finns få smärtreceptorer inuti kroppen orsakar värmen nästan ingen extra smärta utöver smärtan från nålsticken. Tekniken kan med viss förändring även användas för en annan vanlig teknik som kallas grovnålsbiopsi.
Hur kom ni på detta?
- Idag tas finnålsbiopsier med en omkring 0,7 millimeter tjock nål. Efter att nålen tas ut uppstår ofta en droppe blod på patientens hud och den droppen analyserade vi i mikroskåp. Det visade sig att det fanns levande tumörceller i droppen i 74 procent av fallen där patienterna hade en cancertumör.
Vad kan den användas till?
-Den här tekniken kan användas vid många typer av provtagningar. Vid infektioner eller till biopsier vid misstänkt cancer. Vid provtagning av misstänkt prostatacancer tas prover genom att sticka nålen via tarmen in till prostatan. Energin kan då sterilisera området vid provtagningen och förhindra att e. colibakterier följer med in och orsakar infektion i samband med proverna.
Vad blir nästa steg?
- Nu har vi använt bröstcancer som modelltumör eftersom att den anses ha låg spridningsrisk av tumörceller. I nästa steg vill vi testa nåltekniken vid levertumörer, lungtumörer och prostatatumörer.
Tekniken, som kallas Antiseeding, redovisas i senaste numret av British Journal of Cancer.












































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