Av
Även bakterier drabbas av infektioner, men då är det en virustyp, fager, eller andra bakterier, så kallade plasmider, som är boven i dramat. En sådan infektion kan ge bakterien nya egenskaper, som till exempel gör att bakterien kan bli resistent mot antibiotika. Nu har en internationell forskargrupp, med bland annat svenska forskare, hittat en mekanism i bakteriens immunförsvar som kan göra att resistensutvecklingen stoppas.
Bakom studien står forskare vid Umeå universitet som samarbetat med tyska och österrikiska forskargrupper. Forskarna visar att fager eller plasmider bygger in främmande DNA i bakteriens arvsmassa som antingen sätter igång en programmerad celldöd hos bakterien eller ger den nya egenskaper. Egenskaper som bland annat kan göra bakterien resistent mot antibiotika.
Bakteriens immunförsvar består av proteiner och korta RNA-molekyler som slåss mot fagernas eller plasmidernas inkräktande DNA. För att bakteriens RNA-molekyler ska vara effektiva måste de mogna, och det är hur mognadsprocessen aktiveras som forskarna presenterar i sin nya studie. Resultaten visade att bakterien Streptococcus pyogenes kräver minst tre faktorer för att immunsystemet ska kunna ta fram de korta RNA–molekylerna som ska blockera inkräktarnas DNA. Dels behövs små RNA-stycken, tracrRNA, som hittar rätt ställe för klyvningen, dels ett nytt protein, Csn1, och slutligen enzymet endoribonukleas III som båda måste samverka för att klyva RNA-molekylen till små bitar.
Genom upptäckten hoppas nu forskarna kunna utveckla skydd i bakteriernas immunförsvar så att de egenskapsförändrande infektionerna inte bryter ut.
Studien publicerades i Nature.
Bakom studien står forskare vid Umeå universitet som samarbetat med tyska och österrikiska forskargrupper. Forskarna visar att fager eller plasmider bygger in främmande DNA i bakteriens arvsmassa som antingen sätter igång en programmerad celldöd hos bakterien eller ger den nya egenskaper. Egenskaper som bland annat kan göra bakterien resistent mot antibiotika.
Bakteriens immunförsvar består av proteiner och korta RNA-molekyler som slåss mot fagernas eller plasmidernas inkräktande DNA. För att bakteriens RNA-molekyler ska vara effektiva måste de mogna, och det är hur mognadsprocessen aktiveras som forskarna presenterar i sin nya studie. Resultaten visade att bakterien Streptococcus pyogenes kräver minst tre faktorer för att immunsystemet ska kunna ta fram de korta RNA–molekylerna som ska blockera inkräktarnas DNA. Dels behövs små RNA-stycken, tracrRNA, som hittar rätt ställe för klyvningen, dels ett nytt protein, Csn1, och slutligen enzymet endoribonukleas III som båda måste samverka för att klyva RNA-molekylen till små bitar.
Genom upptäckten hoppas nu forskarna kunna utveckla skydd i bakteriernas immunförsvar så att de egenskapsförändrande infektionerna inte bryter ut.
Studien publicerades i Nature.
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