Av
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Sätt samman skivorna
Efter att man ”skivat” hela objektet kan det rekonstrueras i tre dimensioner. Det är samma princip som när man gör en röntgentomografi av en människa, med den skillnaden att man inte kan rotera människan utan i stället får rotera röntgenkällan, och det skulle för närvarande vara ganska svårt med Excillums utrustning.
En annan tillämpning är röntgendiffraktion, där man inte tar bilder utan använder strålen för att göra någon form av strukturell analys. Man belyser ett preparat med röntgen, men tittar inte på bilden av preparatet utan på diffraktionsmönstret som uppstår då röntgenstrålen sprider sig i en kristall. Genom att belysa från många olika vinklar kan man ”räkna baklänges” och komma fram till kristallstrukturen. Det här används till exempel inom läkemedelsbranschen för att förstå hur proteiner är veckade eller för att undersöka olika typer av ytbeläggningar. I dag tar sådana undersökningar väldigt lång tid.
"Kanten på ett föremål fungerar som lins och böjer av strålen"
En normal röntgenbild uppstår genom att det som man undersöker absorberar olika mycket röntgen beroende på vad det är för material. Ben absorberar mycket, medan mjukdelarna i kroppen absorberar mindre. Det ger bildens svarta och vita delar.
Men det finns en annan effekt utöver absorptionen, nämligen helt vanlig refraktion, strålens brytning. Även om det är svårt att tro, så kan röntgenstrålning avböjas och fokuseras.
Ämnen med ungefär samma absorption, som latexkulor i vatten, eller en plast inuti en annan plast, skulle inte synas i en vanlig röntgenbild. Men kanten på ett föremål, exempelvis en latexkula, fungerar som en liten lins och böjer av strålen. Efter långt avstånd interfererar den med strålning som gått tvärs igenom objektet och åstadkommer förstärkande eller utsläckande interferens.
Sida 4 / 5
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