Vaccinet utvecklas av forskningsföretaget Diamyd Medical och har testats i flera olika studier på olika patientgrupper både med barn och vuxna i både USA och Europa med olika framgång. Under slutet av första halvåret i år föll bolagets fas III-program pladask då resultaten från samtliga studier visade negativa resultat. Vaccinprojektet som utvecklats under 17 år och kostat bolaget 500 miljoner kronor lades på is men resultaten från fas III-programmet utvärderas fortfarande.
Studien som nu följts upp är en av fas II-prövningarna som låg till grund för det stora fas III-programmet. Fas II-studien i Linköping fick positiva resultat för tre år sedan då de visade att vaccinet fördröjde nedbrytningen av betacellerna hos barn som då precis hade insjuknat i typ 1-diabetes. Resultat från en tidigare publikation från forskargruppen från uppföljningsstudien visar att de behandlade patienterna som hade insjuknat mindre än sex månader före studiens start hade högre nivåer C-peptid, ett mått på den kroppsegna insulinproduktionen, efter fyra år än kontrollgruppen som inte behandlades med GAD65.
- I den aktuella studien visar vi att GAD-vaccinet ger immunologiskt minne fyra år efter vaccineringen, säger Stina Axelsson, doktorand och en av huvudförfattarna till studien.
Hon arbetar parallellt med uppföljningen av fas II-studien även med en del av datan från den fas III-studie som avbröts i maj tidigare i år.
- Att få mer kunskap kring GAD65-vaccinets effekt på immunförsvaret spelar väldigt stor roll för vaccinets vidareutveckling. Det är inte omöjligt att vaccinet fungerar på vissa patientgrupper eller om det kombineras med andra terapier så resultaten är jätteviktiga, säger hon.
Typ 1-diabetes utvecklas då kroppens immunförsvar angriper de insulinproducerande betacellerna i bukspottskörteln. Målet för attacken är GAD65, ett protein som normalt finns i hjärnan men även förekommer i betacellerna. Forskarna vet i dag inte vilken funktion GAD65 har i betacellerna men hoppas att immunsystemet blir mer tolerant om patienten vaccineras med GAD65 tidigt i sjukdomsförloppet eller som prevention för patienter i riskzoner.
Titel: Long-Lasting Immune Responses 4 Years after GAD-Alum Treatment in Children with Type 1 Diabetes.










































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